Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

Islamic history has immortalized the site of Al-Hudaybiyah, west of the Grand Mosque, for its connection to the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him). It was the site of the Pledge of Ridwan and the site of the first peace treaty with the Quraysh, which later authorized the conquest of Mecca. The site also holds significance for its landmarks marking the boundaries of the Grand Mosque. The events of the Pledge of Ridwan took place on the land of Al-Hudaybiyah, preserved in the Holy Quran in the verse, "Indeed, those who pledge allegiance to you are only pledging allegiance to Allah," and the Almighty says, "Indeed Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree." The books of the Prophet's biography documented it in the sixth year of the Hijra, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called people to pledge allegiance. In the same year, the site witnessed the writing of the first peace treaty between the Muslims and the Quraysh. The terms of the treaty, "The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah," concluded with the establishment of a truce between the two parties for a period of ten years. However, the breach of some of the terms of the peace treaty by the other party two years later hastened the conquest of Mecca. The details of this event indicate that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, set out with the Muhajireen and Ansar and those Arabs who had joined them. He brought sacrificial animals with him and entered ihram for Umrah, indicating his peaceful departure. When he reached Usfan, a small town 80 kilometers north of Mecca, someone came to inform him that the Quraysh had heard of his departure and were preparing to fight him. So, he, may God bless him and grant him peace, took a different route until he reached Thaniyat al-Murad, known today as Faj al-Karimi. He descended to Hudaybiyyah. At that point, the Prophet's she-camel, al-Qaswa, knelt down. The people were in uproar and said, "Al-Qaswa has become weak." The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, responded, "It has not become weak, and it is not by nature that it was weak, but it was held back by the One who held back the elephant." The Noble Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - said: "If Quraysh invite me today to a plan in which they ask me to maintain kinship ties, I will grant it to them." Dialogue began between the Prophet Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and Quraysh, and the matter culminated in the signing of a treaty between them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. Hudaybiyyah, whose name originates from the Well of Hudaybiyyah near the site of the Pledge of Ridwan, and in another narration, from a hunchbacked tree that once stood there, is located approximately 24 kilometers west of the Grand Mosque and two kilometers outside the boundaries of the Haram, in a site now known as Al-Shumaisi on the old Makkah/Jeddah road. A modern mosque was built next to the old one, built of black stone and plaster. https://www.spa.gov.sa/2215557